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Daniel 8:3-5
New English Translation
Daniel 8:3-5
New English Translation
3 I looked up[a] and saw[b] a[c] ram with two horns standing at the canal. Its two horns were both long,[d] but one was longer than the other. The longer one was coming up after the shorter one. 4 I saw that the ram was butting westward, northward, and southward. No animal[e] was able to stand before it, and there was none who could deliver from its power.[f] It did as it pleased and acted arrogantly.[g]
5 While I was contemplating all this,[h] a male goat[i] was coming from the west over the surface of all the land[j] without touching the ground. This goat had a conspicuous horn[k] between its eyes.
Read full chapterFootnotes
- Daniel 8:3 tn Heb “lifted my eyes.”
- Daniel 8:3 tn Heb “saw and behold.”
- Daniel 8:3 tn Heb “one.” The Hebrew numerical adjective occasionally functions like an English indefinite article. See GKC 401 §125.b.
- Daniel 8:3 tn Heb “high” (also “higher” later in this verse).
- Daniel 8:4 tn Or “beast” (NAB).
- Daniel 8:4 tn Heb “hand,” as also in v. 7.
- Daniel 8:4 tn In the Hiphil the Hebrew verb גָּדַל (gadal, “to make great; to magnify”) can have either a positive or a negative sense. For the former, used especially of God, see Ps 126:2, 3 and Joel 2:21. In this chapter (8:4, 8, 11, 25) the word has a pejorative sense, describing the self-glorification of this king. The sense seems to be that of vainly assuming one’s own superiority through deliberate hubris.
- Daniel 8:5 tn The words “all this” are added in the translation for stylistic reasons and for clarification.
- Daniel 8:5 tn Heb “and behold, a he-goat of the goats.”
- Daniel 8:5 tn Or “of the whole earth” (NAB, ASV, NASB, NRSV).
- Daniel 8:5 tn Heb “a horn of vision” [or “conspicuousness”], i.e., “a conspicuous horn,” one easily seen.
New English Translation (NET)
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